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1.       Cactus/Cacti

Cactus, common name for the family comprising a peculiar group of spiny, fleshy plants native to America.  The family contains about 1650 species, most of which are adapted to arid climates. The fruits of cacti are important sources of food and drink in many areas to which they are native. Because cacti require little care and exhibit bizzare forms, they are popular for home cultivation and are coming under increasing pressure as a result. More than 17 kinds of cacti now face extinction because of plundering by avid collectors and professional poachers, especially in the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.

Cactus plants usually consist of spiny stem and roots. Leaves are greatly reduced or entirely absent. Only in two genera are fully formed leaves present. The stems of cacti are usually swollen and fleshy, adapted to water storage, and many are shaped in ways that cause rain to flow directly to the root system for absorption. The roots form extensive system near the soil surface, assuring that a given plant will absorb the maximum amount of water from a wide area; plants in desserts are usually widely spaced.

The flowers of cacti are often large and showy and occur singly rather than in clusters of several flowers. The perianth (floral tube) does not consist of sharply differentiated sepals and petals, but rather of a series of bracts (modified leaves), which gradually grade into sepals and finally into showy petals. The flowers have many stamens; the ovary is inferior and fused to the perianth. The fruits are often brightly colored and fleshy.

2.       Jasmine/Jessamine

Jasmine or Jessamine, common name applied to plants of two general true

jasmines and false jasmines. The true jasmines are a genus of shrubs and climbing plants, including about 45 species, most of which are native to tropical regions of Eurasia. The salver-shaper jasmine flower has five – or eight –cleft calyx, five- or eight- lobed corolla, two stamens, and a solitary pistil. The fruits is a two-lobed berry. The common white jasmine is native to southern Asia. It is a tall climbing plant, bearing pinnate leaves and fragrant white flowers. Spanish jasmine is a bushyshrub, native to Indonesia, bearing white flowers flecked with pink. Arabian jasmine is a white-flowered climbing plant, native to India. Flowers of all three species contain an essential oil used in making perfumes.

                The false jasmine genus contains one Asian and two North American species. One of the latter is the yellow, or Carolina, jasmine. Yellow jasmine has fragrant yellow flowers with a five-parted calyx; five-lobed, funnel-shaped corolla; five stamens with arrowhead-shaped  anthers; and a solitary pistil. The fruit is a two- celled capsule. The roots contain a crystalline alkaloid called gelsemine, formerly used as an antispasmodic and to induce perspiration.

3.       Lily

Lily, common name for a family comprising more than 250 genera and about 4000 species of mostlyherbaceous flowering plants, many with showy flowers. It contains many horticulturally  important plants, including tulips, lilies, daffodils, hyacinths, day lilies, and amaryllis. Another important genus, the onion genus, contains about 700 species, usually with bulbs or corms underground and long, slender leaves starting at the ground (basal leaves). Several species are cultivated as food crops: onions and shallots, garlic, chives, and leeks. In the asparagus genus, the leaves are reduced to tiny scales, and the needlelike “leaves” are actually highly modified branches. Tender young shoot tips of asparagus are eaten as a delicacy. Asparagus fern is another species grown as a houseplant for its attractive foliage and for its pretty red berries. The aloe genus also belongs to the lily family and contains about 250 species native to Arabia; Africa, especially  South Africa ; and Madagascar. The hardy plants are often potted outdoors, and the juice from the leaves has medicinal uses.

The order that lilies belong to is distinguished by having all perianth parts (sepals and petals) relatively undifferentiated and petaloid, a three-chambered gynoecium with nectaries generally present between the chambers (sepal nectaries), and larger seeds with well-developed storage tissue (endosperm) and embryos.

The order contains 15 families and nearly 8000 species, including herbs, climbing shrubs, succulents, aquatics, and trees. Stems are usually fleshy in all types; they rise from underground storage organs and bear characteristically narrow leaves with parallel veins. The order occurs throughout the worls, but most of its members flourish only in subtropical and temperate areas.

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